ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE CORRECTING PROPERTIES OF TREKREZAN IN DIFFERENT MODES OF ADMINISTRATION IN A MODEL OF INFLAMMATORY AND DEGENERATIVE DAMAGES OF SOFT PARODONT TISSUES
Shabanov P.D., Mokrenko E.V.
UDC: 616.988.5-001.18-097-084-085.37:615.37:615.771.7
Abstract: An oxidative and immune status was assessed in rat models of inflammatory and degenerative damages of soft parodont tissues resulted in injection 2% formaldehyde water solution (0.3 ml) into the smooth parodont tissues. Lipid peroxidation indexes (malonic dialdehyde and dienic conjugates level) were 3.6-5.8-fold higher in the blood serum and parodont tissue in 3 days following onset of inflammation. The inflammation was accompanied by inhibition of lymphokin-producing function of lymphocytes in reaction to inhibition of leucocytes migration with concanavalin A (Con A) by 39% and with phytohaemagglutinin (PGA) by 37%. The activity of oxygen-independent microbicide system of phagocytes was decreased by 13%, which was typical for subacute course of inflammatory processes. The The number of phagocytes increased by 26%. Phagocytosis index also increased by 22%. The number of phagocytes participating in phagocytosis decreased by 31%. The spontaneous NBT-test index increased by 63%, and stimulating one by 35%. Trekrezan administered for 3 days decreased malonic dialdehyde level by 61%, dienic conjugates level by 68%, in 2.9-fold increased the concentration of recovered glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity by 79%. Simultaneously, the elevation of lymphokin-producing function of lymphocytes in reaction of inhibition of leucocytes migration with Con A by 67% and with PGA by 73% was registered. Phagocyte activity of neutrophils was increased by 24%. Phagocyte number equal to middle number of microorganisms phaged by one active neutrophil and phagocytosis index were decreased by 26% and 14% respectively. Trekrezan administered orally revealed the same but less significant action. Preliminary administration of lidocain intragastrally for blockade of gastric afferents did not affect the trekrezan action. Therefore, trekrezan possesses both anti-inflammatory and immune stimulating action. Oral administration of trekrezan induced more weak effect than in introperitoneal administration and did not depend on activation of gastric afferents.
Key words: пародонт, воспаление, оксидативный стресс, иммунный статус, трекрезан, противовоспалительное и иммуностимулирующее действие, parodont, inflammation, oxidative stress, immune status, trekrezan, anti-inflammatory and immune stimulating action
CARDIO-RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF RATS IN ACUTE HYPOXIA AND APPLICATION OF A NEW COMPLEX-METAL ANTIHYPOXANT
Evseyev A.V., Sosin D.V., Shalaeva O.E., Evseyeva M.A., Morozova G.A., Pravdivtsev V.A., Shabanov P.D.
UDC: 616.273.015.3.08
Abstract: Responses of cardiorespiratory system have been studied in experimental rats in oral administration of an innovative selenium-containing metal-complex substance πQ1983 in dose 100 mg/kg before and under action of acute hypercapnic hypoxia (AH+Hc). The substance was injected 90 min. before (incubation period) placement of animals into hypoxic chambers with 1.0 L free volume. During each experiment as well as during AH+Hc an electrical activity of myocardium (ECG) and respiration curves called pneumobarogramm (PBG) were recorded simultaneously. It was established that the substance πQ1983 had cardiodepressive effect and decreases parameters of lungs ventilation in animals. According to ECG and PBG dynamics, rats protected by the substance demonstrated a high resistance level to the aroused acute hypoxia with hypercapnia, that expressed by weakening of early reactions from cardiorespiratory system under hypercapnia action, and by twice longer life span of animals in hypoxic experiment.
Key words: кардиореспираторная система, острая гипоксия, гиперкапния, антигипоксант, крыса, cardiorespiratory system, acute hypoxia, hypercapnia, antihypoxant, rat
AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN BLOOD VESSELS OF THE FEMORAL-PUDENDAL NERVE OF THE HUMAN LUMBAR PLEXUS
Kopyeva V.M.
UDC: 611.835.43
Abstract: We have studied 72 femoral-pudendal right nerves of the human lumbar plexus taken from the cadavers. The samples ranged from newborns till 91 years of age, with a method of cross sections dyed by Van-Hyson. Morphometric studt was performed for the blood vessels located in the epi-, peri- and endonevra. The measurements were performed with a screw ocularometer. Vessels located in the epi-, peri- and endonevrium demonstrated an increase in their number, diameter of the lumen, the wall thickness due to the development of its middle (muscular) coat. Arterial system demonstrated a link characterized by an increased diameter of the lumen of blood vessels in children and adolescents, stabilization in adulthood and reduced clearance in elderly and senile ages. The lumen of the veins becomes inlarged in all periods of life. Arteriovenous index in childhood and adolescent increases, in middle aged individuals it stabilizes, in elderly patients it becomes increased again. Knowledge of age-related changes in the vascular system can minimize disturbances in the blood circulation in surgeries and improve regeneration of nerves.
Key words: поясничное сплетение, кровоснабжение нервов, спинномозговые нервы, lumbar plexus, the blood supply to the nerves, spinal nerves
ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION EFFICIENCY IN SMOLENSK STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN 2014-2015
Platonov I.A., Bekezin V.V.
UDC: 61:002.6+519.24:001.5
Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate scientific and publication efficiency of Smolensk State Medical University staff with various bibliometric criteria taking into consideration specific profile of each unit. All units of the University were grouped according to their scientific profile: theoretical departments, clinical departments, medicobiological departments and research laboratories. Such division allowed performing a comparative analysis of publication efficacy of the units. The analysis involved data of the scientific electronic library (NEB) elibrary.ru that provided an opportunity to create a customized structure of search scientometric indicators of the units. Russian scientific citation index database was used. Comparative analysis revealed the greatest research and publication efficacy in each group of the departments. The results obtained clearly disclose efficiency of research and publication activities of the departments as well as give certain recommendations aimed at improvement of the situation, taking into account modern trends in research activities higher school communities.
Key words: научная работа, библиометрические критерии, публикационная активность, scientific work, bibliometric criteria, publication efficiency
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL VALUE OF CELLULAR SYNTHASE OF NITROGEN OXIDE AND ENDOGENOUS NITROGEN OXIDE
Pozhilova E.V., Novikov V.E.
UDC: 615.015:616-001.8
Abstract: The review represents analysis of scientific studies that investigated the value of nitrogen oxide synthase (NOS) and endogenous nitrogen oxide (NO) in cell functioning in physiological conditions and in various diseases, including conditions of hypoxia and ischemia. Nitrogen oxide is synthesized by several isoforms of NO-synthase. It has been shown that NOS and NO regulate many cellular physiological processes; participate in induction and realization of mechanisms of cellular adaptation. The review considers complex mechanisms of cellular adaptation with participation of NO. Effects of NO depend not only on concentration, but also on the place of its production by means of NOS isoforms. The effects are characterized by a variety of manifestations. Opportunity of prophylactic and therapeutic pharmacological regulation of NO-synthase activity and NO generation is discussed. Such approach opens new perspectives of effective pharmacotherapy in various diseases on the basis of target regulation of endogenous NO synthesis.
Key words: синтаза оксида азота (NOS), изоформы NOS, эндогенный оксид азота (NO), физиология и патология клетки, nitrogen oxide synthase (NOS), NOS isoforms, endogenous nitrogen oxide (NO), cellular physiology and pathology
CYTOKINE PRODUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS IN TREATMENT WITH 14- AND 16-MEMBERED MACROLIDES
Garayutina O.I., Otvagin I.V., Rafalsky V.V.
UDC: 616.216.1-002+615.33
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate cytokine production in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and its change during therapy with macrolides. The study included 102 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis that had a 21 day course of Clarithromycin (Group 1) or Josamycin (Group 2) 500 mg 2 times a day. Concentration of cytokines was determined in the wash water sinus, using multiplex analysis ("Bio-Plex", Bio-Rad, USA). Used a panel of Human Cytokine 17-Plex. The difference between mean values of concentrations of cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, GM-CSF, MCP-1, TNF-α in groups 1 and 2 after the end of therapy was statistically significant. There were significant (p<0.05) differences for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF, g-INF, MIP-1β. Thus, in chronic rhinosinusitis patients treated for 21 days with Clarithromycin significantly lower levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF, g-IFN, MIP-1β were identified, compared with patients who received Josamycin. Such effects of Clarithromycin can be explained by an inhibitory effect of monocytes/macrophages.on on cytokine production.
Key words: хронический риносинусит, макролиды, цитокины, chronic rhinosinusitis, macrolides, cytokine
ATHEROSCLEROTIC VASCULAR CHANGES IN THE POLICE STAFF WITH COMORBID CARDIAC DISEASE
Shcherbakova O.N., Karavaev N.S., Pyko A.A., Solomatina D.Yu.
UDC: 616.06+616.43
Abstract: The study involved 120 patients with hypertension and ischemic heart disease". The patients represented a police staff. We studied prevalence of multifocal atherosclerosis and features of atherosclerotic lesions. A survey was also conducted in patients with essential hypertension Stage I-II. Carbohydrate metabolism was assessed for early detection of diabetes mellitus type II and detection of endothelial dysfunction of the arteries. In the group of patients with coronary artery disease and hypertension with diabetes mellitus type II atherosclerotic process had multi-segmentand diffuse nature, stenosis of the brachiocephalic arteries was 50% more common tan in the group without diabetes mellitus type II. In hypertension and diabetes mellitus type II endothelial dysfunction and thickening of the intima media thickness were identified in the majority of patients.
Key words: гипертоническая болезнь, сахарный диабет II типа, мультифокальный атеросклероз, эндотелиальная дисфункция, hypertension, diabetes type II diabetes mellitus, multifocal atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction
ATONIC UTERINE HAEMORRHAGE IN CESAREAN DELIVERY: EFFICIENCY AND SAFETY OF CONSERVATIVE MANAGMENT
Evseeva M.P., Ivanyan A.N., Gustovarova T.A., Kirakosyan L.S., Afonchenkova M.A., Krukovskiy S.B.
UDC: 618.56-005.1+618.14-065.85
Abstract: The purpose of the study performed was to clear up efficiency and safety of uterine artery ligation at three levels in combination with procedures to stop intraoperative and atonic uterine haemorrhages. We examined 65 patients, who had cesarean sections in 2014 - 2015. 29 (96%) females had atonic uterine haemorrhage managed by uterine artery ligation at three levels. Doppler study parameters of uterine artery blood flow were analyzed in postpartum period. In 29 (96%) patients, hysterectomy could be avoided by organ-saving surgery. Uterine artery ligation at three levels led to a decrease in the frequency of hysterectomy, which makes this method of effective and safe way to arrest atonic uterine haemorrhage in cesarean section.
Key words: гипотоническое кровотечение, перевязка маточных сосудов на трех уровнях, кесарево сечение, гистерэктомия, atonic uterine haemorrhage, uterine artery ligation on three levels, cesarean delivery, hysterectomy
PHARMACOGENETIC APPROACH TO PREDICT EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ANTIVIRAL THERAPY IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS С
Lobanova O.L., V.V. Rafalsky V.V., Hramcov M.M.
UDC: 615.036
Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess correlation between individual gene polymorphism of interleukins and indicators of efficacy and safety of antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. In the study were included patients treated with routine antiviral medicines used in chronic hepatitis C with pegylated interferon in combination with ribavirin. The dose of pegylated interferon was α2v 1.5 mkg/kg/week, Pegylated interferon a2A - 180 g/weeks, subcutaneously, ribavirin dose from 800 to 1600 mg per day orally. The course of treatment was 48 weeks in patients with genotype 1 and 24 weeks in patients with genotype 2 and 3. Genetic polymorphisms were determined by MALDITOF minisequencing. SVR was significantly more frequent in identifying allelic variants of T/T IL-28B rs12979860, and neutropenia occurred significantly more frequently in the case of the definition of homozygous variants (T/T) gene rs12979860 IL-28B. Neutropenia was detected significantly less frequently in patients homozygous (T/T) for the allele IL-28B rs8099917 genotype 1 if the hepatitis C virus. Genetic polymorphisms of interleukins can be used to predict the outcome of antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Key words: хронический гепатит С, интерлейкин-28B, интерлейкин-1, предикторы терапии, генетические полиморфизмы, нежелательные лекарственные реакции, chronic hepatitis C, IL-28B, IL-1, predictors of therapy, genetic polymorphisms, adverse drug reactions
INFLUENCE OF GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF SMOLENSK REGION DISTRICTS ON DEMOGRAPHIC AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RATES
Myakisheva T.V., Avdeeva T.G., Vinokurov A.I., Bekezin V.V.
UDC: 616-002.5:614.1(470.332)
Abstract: The study was aimed at comparative assessment of demographic rates and social diseases in the Smolensk region. Birth, mortality and morbidity rates as well as incidence of tuberculosis and psychiatric disorders were studied. The region was divided on Northern, Southern, Western, Central and Eastern geographic areas. Growth of birth rates and reduction of mortality cases were registered in the region. However, death rates prevail compared to birth rates and high percentage of elderly people is still identified. Decrease in TB-incidence was noted but increased rates of psychiatric disorders were seen in all studied areas. Health and demographic situations are significantly better in the Eastern geographic area and significantly worse in the Western, compared to Northern, Southern and Central geographic areas of the region.
Key words: рождаемость, смертность, заболеваемость, социальные болезни, birth rate, mortality, morbidity, social diseases
CURRENT VIEWS ON MECHANISMS OF REPARATIVE REGENERATION IN RUPTURED ACHILLES TENDONS
Ivanov A.V., Kozlov D.V.
UDC: 616-003.93-611.748.54
Abstract: Review on reparative regeneration of ruptured Achilles tendons is presented in the study. Specific anatomical and histological structure of Achilles tendon contributes to both injury and repairative management of the tendon. The most common cause of rupture in the middle of its one third is the area of the disorder of blood supply to the tendon. Some other etiological factors and mechanisms of injury of the Achilles tendon are discussed in the paper. There are many scientific publications on reparative regeneration there is no unified approach to the treatment in tendon ruptures, as well as on the mechanisms of its regeneration. The review includes information on stages of healing, as well as methods to optimize reparative processes. Opportunities to regulation of tendon healing with active management of angiogenesis are also discussed. There is certain evidence that the fibrillogenesis which is more active in the remodeling phase depends on the type VI collagen. All these points confirm significance the problem and clear up an interest of scientists to its solution.
Key words: разрыв ахиллова сухожилия, репаративная регенерация сухожилий, стадии регенерации сухожилий, Аchilles tendon rupture, reparative regeneration of tendons, the stage of regeneration of tendons
LEGAL REGULATION OF GOVERNMENTAL SUPPORT OF DIABETIC PATIENTS
Krikova A.V., Leonova K.D., Alimova I.L., Rafalsky V.V.
UDC: 616-035.1
Abstract: The aim of the study was to estimate legal regulation of the governmental support of patients with diabetes mellitus type I and type II. Russian Government provides the active social policy in early diagnosis, prevention of complications and improvement in patients with diabetes mellitus type I and type II. This policy includes a complex of social, economic, legal and medico-organizational approaches. For this reasons a complex of Federal laws, resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation, orders of the ministries and its departments was created. These facts have identified diabetes as the first priorities of national health systems of all countries of the world, including the Russian Federation.
Key words: социально значимые заболевания, сахарный диабет, государственный контроль, socially significant diseases, diabetes mellitus, government support
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF COMMERCIAL PREPARATIONS OF HONEY AND NATIVE HONEY AGAINST STRAINS WITH EXTREME PHENOTYPES ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
Privolnev V.V., Pleshkov V.G., Eidestein M.V., Sukhorukova M.V.
UDC: 616.353-002.4
Abstract: There are many local ointments and gels on the basis of local honey (manuka) for the treatment of surgical infections in the clinical practice of western countries a number. In the conditions of increasing antibiotic resistance we urgently need new antibacterial drugs especially to cure local surgical infections. The aim of the investigation was to compare the antimicrobial activity of foreign topical preparations for the treatment of wounds and wound infections based on honey and honey domestic native studied in vitro. The publication presents the results of this study with details of phenotypes of resistant pathogens from the collection of 92 strains obtained from patients with surgical infections from 40 regions of Russia. It demonstrates the benefits of native honey from Smolensk on samples from the UK and New Zealand, and obtained data on its high activity in relation to the extremely resistant strains. Smolensk honey can be used to create new high-level local antimicrobial agents.
Key words: мёд, мультирезистентность, полирезистентные штаммы, хирургическая инфекция, honey, multiresistance, multiresistant strains, surgical infection