PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF DIAZLEPTINE, 1.2-DIAZOCYCLOPROPANE DERIVATIVE, A NEW ATYPICAL NEUROLEPTIC DRUG
Shabanov P.D., Morozov A.I., Lebedev A.A., Bychkov E.R.
UDC: 615.213
Abstract: The potential neuroleptic properties of diazleptine, a derivative of 1.2-diazocyclopropane were studied in behavioral, biochemical and electrophysiological models. Diazleptine was shown to possess a sedative action in the open field, an antiglutamate effect in “glutamate model of schizophrenia”, and enhanced cognitive processes in rodents (facilitated formation and storage of passive avoidance task). At the same time diazleptine did not effect the “verticalization” phenomenon in mice, or induce catalepsy and did not antagonize amphetamine hyperactivity in the “dopamine model of schizophrenia” that was characteristic for typical and atypical neuroleptics possessing an antidopaminergic action (haloperidol, olanzapine). It is necessary to stress that diazleptine acted as a rule in a dose-dependent manner in the range of all the doses studied (5-10-25 mg/kg). For example, if the sedative action of diazleptine in the open field increasd with the elevation of the dose, the facilitation of formation and storage of passive avoidance reaction was registered in all the doses studied (5-10-25 mg/kg). Chronic administration of diazleptine (25 mg/kg) during 5 days increased serotonin level mildly and decreased 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentration in the striatum, ratio 5-HIAA/serotonin being decreased (serotonin turnover was slowed). At the same time, diazleptine produced no dopaminergic effect in all the tests that was typical for the comparative drugs (haloperidol 1 mg/kg and olanzapine 5 mk/kg). Besides, diazleptine in a wide range of concentrations (from 1 µM till 10 mM) decreased impulse activity frequency of the isolated neurons of the mollusc on the background of slight hyperpolarization (a cell model of isolated neurons). In the same experimental conditions, diazleptine slightly inhibited the influx of sodium and calcium currents and acted biphasically on slow potassium currents: in the concentrations of 1×10 and 1×10 M diazleptine activated them slightly, and in higher concentrations inhibited them. All the above-mentioned findings reveal the presence of an atypical neuroleptic (antipsychotic) effect in diazleptine with the antiglutamate and functional antiserotoninergic mechanism of action as well as a direct reduction of impulse activity of neurons. The effective dose of diazleptine for behavioral studies should be 10 mg/kg. After elevation of the dose, diazleptine strengthens its sedative effect and after reduction of the dose up to 5 mg/kg diazleptine performs a nootropic-like effect.
Key words: нейролептики, диазлептин, галоперидол, оланзапин, механизм действия, поведенческие эффекты, обмен моноаминов, ионные токи, neuroleptics, diazleptine, haloperidol, olanzapine, mechanism of action, behavioral effects, monoamine turnover, ionic currents
CEREBROPROTECTIVE ACTION OF PHARMACOLOGICAL AND HYPOXIC PRECONDITIONING IN BRAIN ISCHEMIA
Levchenkova O.S., Kulagin K.N., Novikov V.E.
UDC: 615.015: 616-005.4
Abstract: The aim of this study was the assess the effect of amtizol and hypoxia used in the mode of combined preconditioning on survival of rats and functional condition of the central nervous system after simulation of acute brain ischemia. Experiments were carried out on laboratory rats of both sexes of the Wistar line. Acute hypobaric hypoxia (hypoxic factor of preconditioning) was performed by air discharge in the closed volume by means of the Kamovsky's pump that conditionally raised animals to the height of 5,000 meters (a moderate hypoxia). Acute brain ischemia was carried out by simultaneous bilateral ligation of common carotid arteries. The combined preconditioning included the alternate use of the pharmacological (amtizol 25 mg/kg) and hypoxic factors. It was found that the combination of preconditioning modes could increase the resistance of the animals to acute cerebral ischemia in early (after 1 hr.) and late (in 48 hrs.) periods of brain ischemia, resulting in increased survival of rats. Pharmacological and hypoxic preconditioning have the cerebroprotective action and can significantly reduce neurological deficit measured by the Stroke Index McGrowin scale in survived animals, as well as reduce the severity of changes in behavioral responses of animals caused by brain ischemia.
Key words: ишемия головного мозга, прекондиционирование, амтизол, гипобарическая гипоксия, ischemia, preconditioning, amtizol, hypobaric hypoxia
BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN DEPENDING ON TNFSF11 GENE RS9594759 POLYMORPHISM
Maylyan E.A.
UDC: 618.173:616.71-007.234]+615.356:575
Abstract: The study of osteodensitometry indicators at skeleton various sites in postmenopausal women with various genotypes of TNFSF11 gene rs9594759 (C>T) polymorphism was the research objective. 483 postmenopausal women were examined. The study included densitometry with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and detection of TNFSF11 gene rs9594759 polymorphism by the PCR method. As opposed to CT and TT genotypes carriers, women with CC genotype of rs9594759 polymorphism had higher rates of bone mineral density and T-criterion in the region of L1-L4 lumbar vertebrae, left and right femoral proximal departments, including left and right femoral necks (р=0.002 - р<0.001). The association between rs9594759 polymorphism with osteoporotic changes in bone tissue of forearm distal department of the non-dominant arm was not revealed (p>0.05). It is expedient to use the obtained data when developing prognostic criteria for detection of predisposition to the disease.
Key words: ген TNFSF11, полиморфизм rs9594759, минеральная плотность кости, женщины, постменопауза, TNFSF11 gene, rs9594759 polymorphism, bone mineral density, women, postmenopause
EFFECT OF SPECIFIC EXERCISE ON ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE OF ATHLETES DEPENDING ON TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF VEGETATIVE REGULATION OF CARDIAC RHYTHM
Brooke T.M., Terekhov P.A., Titkova N.D.
UDC: 61:612.1 /.8
Abstract: The aim of the study was to identify the level of high-speed, power-speed abilities, maximum anaerobic power of highly skilled players, as well as to consider the influence of a specific exercise on anaerobic performance of athletes depending on the typological features of vegetative regulation of the heart rate. According to the results of 6 (2 samples), 15-second activities it was revealed that the highest levels of speed and power-speed abilities was observed in patients, with a predominance of the central loop of the activity of the regulatory systems, while the maximum anaerobic capacity was observed in persons with the autonomous level. Physical activity resulted in the maximum reduction in the anaerobic working capacity in all tests in the players with a predominance of the central loop, while the athletes with a marked autonomous outline, significant changes were identified, indicating that the athletes had high recovery properties of the neuromuscular system, consistency, motor synchronization functional units and the activity of motor-visceral reflexes.
Key words: работоспособность, скоростно-силовая компонента, мощность, объем работы, коэффициент выносливости, вегетативная регуляция, efficiency, speed-power components, power, workload, endurance factor, vegetative regulation
STATE OF EXTERNAL BREATH AND BLOOD CIRCULATION ON THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL LOAD AND ALTERNATIVE MEANS OF INCREASING ATHLETES PERFORMANCE
Brooke T.M., Terekhov P.A., Osipova N.V.
UDC: 61:612.1 /.8
Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the interaction of the system of external respiration and circulation on the background of physical activity up to work cessation and non-traditional means of potentiating of the performance of skiers. The bio-stimulating effect of low-intensity laser (LLLT) on special endurance is considered in the article. In the experiment, it was revealed that the use of LLLT led to changes in the study parameters of cardiorespiratory system of skiers, including an increase in capacity, pulmonary ventilation, increase in absolute and relative values of maximal oxygen uptake, anaerobic threshold in the pulse and percentage oxygen pulse, minute and systolic volumes of blood circulation. Reduction in the index of respiratory gas exchange and utilization of oxygen was noted as well. Compensatory effect of the cardiac performance of athletes and increased recovery of the heart rate after the load test and laser radiation were observed in the study.
Key words: аэробная работоспособность, низкоинтенсивное лазерное излучение, основные показатели кардиореспираторной системы, aerobic performance, low-intensity laser radiation, the main indicators of cardiorespiratory system
SOMATIC AND FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF CHILDREN SUFFERING FROM EXCESS BODY WEIGHT AND OBESITY
Bubnenkova O.M.
UDC: 611.08
Abstract: The study objective was to assess the somatic and functional features of children aged 5-10 having an excess body weight and I-II degree of obesity, using the anthropometric and somatometric technique offered by professor R.N. Dorokhov, dynamometric and tensometric methods. The assessment also included a newly developed nonconventional didactic approach to physical training of girls aged 5-10 aimed at the change of the gain of fatty body weight taking into account their biological age. As a result of the conducted researche positive dynamics in the change of the body structure (decrease of fatty body weight, augmentation of muscle bulk of the body) and forces of various muscular groups were observed. The conclusion was made that long systematic corrective exercises for development of physical abilities and changing motor regimen of the studied contingent made it possible to improve the indicators of the body structure, and, therefore, the level of the state of health.
Key words: соматический тип, избыточная масса тела, ожирение, двигательная активность детей, somatic type, excess body weight, obesity, physical activity of children
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONS WITH DIFFERENT CHRONOTYPES
Glutkin S.V., Chernyshova J.N., Zinchuk V.V., Balbatun A.A., Orehov S.D.
UDC: 67.034:612.014.4
Abstract: This review is based on the literature and our own data on the human body biological rhythms organization and demonstrates their role in self-autoregulation. Essential human biorhythms and mechanisms of their functioning are discussed. Methods of determination, distribution and complex characteristics of different chronotypes are presented. Scientific data indicate that the majority of physiological processes, including integrative activity of the nervous system, are naturally fluctuating in people with different chronotypes. Some factors can alter the normal body biological rhythmicity and lead to the development of pathological states. It is demonstrated that rhythmicity imbalance produces a negative impact on many vital functions, character of the emotional response and behavioral pattern parameters. Body functioning, considering the chronotype, during adaptation to changing environmental conditions is discussed.
Key words: биоритм, хронотип, десинхроноз, эмоции, адаптация, человек, biorhythm, chronotype, desynchronosis, emotions, adaptation, human
THE SPIRAL ARRANGEMENT OF MUSCLE FIBERS IN THE BODY FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF BIOMECHANICS (REVIEW)
Grishina K.M., Safonenkova E.V., Bubnenkova O.M.
UDC: 611.73
Abstract: Spiral tightening of the muscles reflect the structural and functional unit of skeletal muscles. The presence of spirals on the trunk and all branches of the limbs is an important factor in the implementation of the optimal level of range of motion. Under the influence of purposeful physical activity skeletal muscle specialize - seen their spiral orientation. As the implementation of these ideas was developed to suit the movement correction that help restore body symmetry and preservation of positive achievements of rehabilitation. The purpose of the study was to identify the helical structure of interrelations of skeletal muscle and its patterns of morphogenesis in humans, the evaluation of their significance for the practice of sports and rehabilitation after injuries.
Key words: спирали, мышцы, мышечные волокна, функция, реабилитация, spirals, muscles, muscular fibers, function, rehabilitation
CONTRIBUTION OF LABOR MIGRATION IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION OF TUBERCULOSIS IN KALUGA REGION
Lapshina I.S., Myakisheva T.V.
UDC: 616.24-002.5(470.318)
Abstract: The study is aimed at assessing the influence of migration on the epidemic situation of tuberculosis in the Kaluga region. Monthly and annual reports from 2009 to 2015 and registers of migrants with TB-symptoms (2011-2015.) were analyzed. The migrants with radiographic signs similar to tuberculosis were directed for further examination to clarify the diagnosis. The article presents an analysis of the survey on tuberculosis migrants in the Kaluga region. An increasing influence of foreign patients with tuberculosis on the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis was revealed. Ethnicity, sex and age structure of migrants suffering from tuberculosis, as well as the clinical features of tuberculosis in migrants were studied as well. From 2009 to 2015, the number of foreign citizens with tuberculosis increased by 3.5 times. These are mainly men of the working age from Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Tajikistan, Armenia, Moldova and Azerbaijan. Most migrants have infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis, mainly without bacterial excretion and destruction.
Key words: туберкулез, трудовые мигранты, заболеваемость туберкулезом, tuberculosis, migrant workers, the incidence of tuberculosis
DIFFERENCE IN SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE BETWEEN ARMS AS A NEW INDICATOR OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISKS
Milyagina I.V., Pogodina M.V., Milyagin V.A., Zhigunova Y.P., Osipenkova T.A.
UDC: 616.12-008.331.1
Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of asymmetry of systolic blood pressure (SBP) greater than 10 mmHg between arms, a new indicator of cardiovascular risks in healthy people and patients with arterial hypertension (AH). We examined 505 healthy people and 1,044 hypertensive patients using the method of volumetric sphygmography. Blood pressure on the upper and lower extremities was measured simultaneously. Only 12.7% healthy people and 26.9% hypertensive patients were presenting a between-arm difference in systolic blood pressure >10 mmHg. At a younger age the asymmetry of the blood pressure between arms can be a result of peculiarities of the formation of systolic blood pressure on the right and left arms and it may be due to atherosclerotic plaques in the blood vessels of the upper extremities in the elderly. The asymmetry of SBP between arms was significantly correlated with age, visceral obesity, elevated SBP, cholesterol, arterial stiffness and blood glucose levels. Our studies have shown that the asymmetry of SBP between arms can indicate the presence of preclinical atherosclerosis. It can also be a symptom of a multifocal atherosclerotic process.
Key words: различия артериального давления между руками, артериальная гипертензия, between-arm difference, arterial hypertension
OXYRADICALS STRESS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF SEVERE ABDOMINAL SEPSIS IN PATIENTS OF ELDERLY AND SENILE AGE
Petrov V.S., Petrova M.M., Sviridov S.V., Surmenev D.V., Peresetskaya O.V.
UDC: 616.94-008.8-085.37
Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the influence of active detoxication and metabolic protective therapy on the status of oxyradical stress and antioxidant defense system of the organism in patients with severe abdominal sepsis. The study involved 25 patients. All patients were divided into 2 groups. The patients of the main group (n=12) received standard intensive therapy, active detoxication and succinate containing antioxidants. The patients in the control group (n=13) underwent standard intensive therapy and active detoxification. The study was conducted in four stages: before the start of hemofiltration and after 1 day, 3 and 5 days after its onset. We estimated the activity of free radical oxidation and the state of the antioxidant defense system with a method of induced chemiluminescence and the concentration of malondialdehyde in serum by enzyme immunoassay. It was revealed that only at the 4th stage of the research the studied parameters in the basic group were significantly different from those in the control group, reaching normal values. Thus, a combined use of traditional therapy of severe sepsis, active detoxification and metabolic protective therapy with succinate containing antioxidants leads to a more rapid correction of oxyradical stress and early recovery of the activity of antioxidant protection system.stress and early recovery in the activity of antioxidant protection system.
Key words: тяжелый абдоминальный сепсис, оксирадикальный стресс, система антиоксидантной защиты организма, severe abdominal sepsis, oxyradicals distress, antioxidant defense system
EFFECT OF THE T-786C AND G894T POLYMORPHISMS OF THE ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE GENE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION WITH UNDERLYING PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE
Ignatieva R.E., Gustovarova T.A., Ivanyan A.N., Kryukovsky S.B., Dmitrieva E.V.
UDC: 618.11-008.64.018:616.12-008.3-073.96
Abstract: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the T-786C and the G894T polymorphisms of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene and the development of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in young patients with premature ovarian failure (POF). The study involved 20 patients with POF and 20 women with preserved ovarian function at the age from 23 to 39 years. All participants underwent clinical and hormonal examination with the determination of the functional state of endothelium. The endothelial function was assessed using the method of photopletismography with the non-invasive diagnostic complex "AngioScan-01". Genotyping of the T-786C and G894T polymorphisms of the eNOS gene was performed by the polymerase chain reaction in 10 patients with POF and 10 women with a regular rhythm of menstruation. It was found that ED developed in young women with POF in the system of resistive small arteries and arterioles, as well as in medium muscular arteries. The relationship between the T-786C and G894T polymorphisms of the eNOS gene and the endothelial function state disorder with underlying POF was not revealed. However, the presence of polymorphic variants T-786C and G894T in young women with POF is an additional factor of ED risk.
Key words: преждевременная недостаточность яичников, эндотелиальная дисфункция, оксид азота, полиморфизм гена эндотелиальной синтазы оксида азота, эстрогены, premature ovarian failure, endothelial dysfunction, nitric oxide, endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism, estrogens
SHORT PROTOCOLS OF THE OVARIAN STIMULATION IN THE ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY (ART) PROGRAMS IN WOMEN OVER 40 YEARS
Kuleshova D.A., Melechova N.Yu., Gustovarova T.A., Ivanyan A.N., Chernyakova A.L., Kryukovsky S.B.
UDC: 618.177-089.888.11
Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical outcomes, embryological characteristics of the ovulation stimulation protocol with antagonists and a short protocol with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists in ART programs, conducted in patients older than 40 years at the expense of the OMS (Compulsary medical insurance). A prospective study of 40 ART programs in patients older than 40 years at the expense of the OMS (in 20 patients a controlled ovarian stimulation with a short protocol with agonist was aplied, and in 20 patients - a protocol with antagonists) was undertaken. Anamnesis, clinical and gynecological examinations, hormonal status, data of ultrasound scans, folliculogenesis parameters in the stimulation protocol, number and quality of oocytes and embryos were analazyed. It was found out that when using the protocol with agonists the number of mature oocytes was higher.
Key words: вспомогательные репродуктивные технологии, возраст, агонисты гонадотропин-рилизинг-гормона, антагонисты гонадотропин-рилизинг-гормона обязательное медицинское страхование, assisted reproductive technology, age, compulsory health insurance, GnRH antagonists, GnRH agonists
DYNAMICS OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES IN THE USE OF BIORESONANCE THERAPY
Kiryanova V.V., Vorokhobina N.V., Makhramov Z.H., Tursunov R.A.
UDC: 616.441-008.64-085:612.433’441: 577.175.44:615.84
Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess quality of life (QOL), anxiety and depression by using bio-resonance therapy in a complex treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. The optimum regimen for patients with type 2 diabetes, with the help of bio-resonance therapy was developed. 413 Patients were divided into 3 comparable groups including 198 patients in the main group, 72 patients in the control group and 143 patients in the placebo group. The duration of diabetes in the groups was 5.04±0.24 years. All patients were treated according to the traditional scheme of treatment of type 2 diabetes, approved by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation. The main group, in addition to pharmacotherapy received therapy bioresonance therapy (BRT). The control group received only drug treatment and the placebo group received drug therapy and BRT simulation procedures. All patients were evaluated according to their complaints, quality of life (QOL), level of anxiety and depression at admission and 3 months after treatment. The findings suggest that the original figures of complaints, quality of life, in all three groups were low. The results showed that patients in the early type 2 diabetes, had a low value of quality of life and high values of anxiety and depression in all groups. Following the bio-resonance therapy in the study group QOL indicators increased significantly compared with the control group and the placebo group. The levels of anxiety and depression in the study group were significantly decreased as compared with the other two groups. The results of treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes in the study group show the effectiveness of the use of bio-resonance therapy in complex treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Key words: сахарный диабет 2 типа, качество жизни, тревога, депрессия, биорезонансная терапия, базисная терапия, целевая терапия, diabetes type 2, quality of life, anxiety, depression, bioresonance therapy, basic therapy, targeted therapy
VOLUME SPHYGMOGRAPHY IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AT THE PATIENTS OF THERAPEUTIC PROFILE
Pogodina M.V., Milyagina I.V.
UDC: 616.13-072.7
Abstract: Arterial stiffness is currently used to analyze the hemodynamic changes observed in various clinical conditions, for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, their prevention and treatment. Until recently there was no non-invasive and available methods of diagnosis of vascular wall stiffness. In Russia, the research in this regard started only in recent years. The aim of this publication was to describe one of such methods - the method of volumetric sphygmography with the device VaSera VS1000 (Fukuda Denshi, Japan). It is used for determining the velocity of the pulse wave and a number of other indicators that reflect the state of the vascular wall and serve as indirect indicators of arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. It is known that there are many risk factors affecting arterial stiffness and cardiovascular remodeling. The most powerful of them is diabetes type 2 diabetes. Metabolic abnormalities associated with diabetes, such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress cause molecular changes that lead to the endothelial dysfunction and disturbances in the haemostatic system and, consequently, to the development and progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications. Therefore, this study was conducted among patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in comparison with the control group of practically healthy people. In addition, 85.3% of patients with diabetes type 2 diabetes had arterial hypertension.
Key words: артериальная жесткость, сердечно-сосудистое ремоделирование, объемная сфигмография, сахарный диабет, скорость распространения пульсовой волны, атеросклероз, arterial stiffness, cardiovascular remodeling, volume sphygmography, diabetes mellitus, pulse wave velocity, atherosclerosis
EFFICACY OF PHOSPHOGLIV IN ADOLESCENTS WITH FATTY HEPATOSIS
Korotkaja N.N., Bekezin V.V., Borsukov A.V., Peresetskaja O.V., Druzhinina T.V., Pleskachevskaja T.A.
UDC: 616-053-08-039.11
Abstract: Fatty hepatosis (steatosis) is one of the markers of the metabolic syndrome. In the article, the effectiveness of therapy with Phosphogliv in children with fatty hepatosis is described. The study included 40 children with FH in the dynamics on the background of non-pharmacological therapy (group 1; n=17) and treatment with Phosphogliv (group 2; n=23). The oxidative status was determined by the method of induced chemiluminescence of blood serum in biochemiluminometer BLM 3606 M-01. Elastography of the liver was performed on the Fibroscan apparatus (France). Therapy with Phosphogliv resulted in a decrease of the integral indicator characterizing the state of the oxidative status in children of the 2nd group by 2.07 times (p<0.05). The reduction of the oxidative stress in children 2nd group was accompanied by a decrease in the density of the liver (kPa) according to elastography by 1.38 times (p<0.05). Positive changes in the echostructure of the liver in children with FH during Phosphogliv therapy was confirmed by a decrease in the frequency of incorporation of stage F2 according to elastography by 3.49 times. Thus, metabolic therapy with Phosphogliv should be recommended for the prevention of the disorders of the oxidative status and the risk of formation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children with simple obesity.
Key words: дети, окислительный стресс, жировой гепатоз, эластография, фосфоглив, children, oxidative stress, fatty hepatosis (steatosis), elastography, Phosphogliv
CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS: RELEVANCE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN THE SMOLENSK REGION
Kalandia M.R., Kuzmina T.A., Stanzas O.S., Lukina N.V.
UDC: 616-53.2-007(470.332)
Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency and structure of identified congenital malformations in 2014-2016 in the Smolensk region. The official base of monitoring of congenital malformations and the medical case histories of pregnant women seen in the medical-genetic consultation were studied. It was found out that congenital malformations in the Smolensk region occur with a frequency of 13.8 per 1000 live births among children. The main method of prenatal diagnosis of this pathology is ultrasound examination. Prenatal diagnosis revealed 414 lesions (58%), and 298 congenital malformations (42%) were diagnosed only after birth. 72% of all prenatal diagnosed malformations of the fetus were diagnosed during tha first two screening tests. Multiple malformations were often recorded (12%). In the structure of congenital malformations in the Smolensk region in the first place are malformations of the cardiovascular system (22%), while the second place is occupied by the vices of the urine-genital system (17%) and in third place there are the defects of the CNS (15%). Stillbirths as an outcome of pregnancy in cases of malformations were observed in 2% of all cases, and 58% of all cases was a live birth (419 children). In the structure of infant mortality, congenital malformations take the second place. In conclusion it can be said that it is necessary to continue medical and organizational activities aimed at early diagnosis of congenital anomalies with the aim of making a prognosis for life and health of the mother and fetus at the regional level.
Key words: врожденные пороки развития, пренатальная диагностика, младенческая смертность, congenital malformations, prenatal diagnosis, infant mortality
SUCCESSIVE TRANSPLANTATION OF THE HEART AND KIDNEY: CLINICAL CASE
Litvinov A.V., Arzumanyan S.K., Vavilenkova N.I.
UDC: 616.12-089.843-06-08
Abstract: The aim of this article is to describe the clinical case of a successful orthotopic heart transplantation in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy, which was complicated in the postoperative period, by fatal renal failure, which required further additional kidney transplantation. We discuss possible mechanisms of renal damage after operation for a heart transplant. It is concluded that in case of the satisfactory primary function of the cardiac transplant with stable systemic hemodynamics and subsequently developed acute and then dialysis-dependent renal failure of various etiologies, kidney transplantation should be recommended.
Key words: дилатационная кардиомиопатия, ортотопическая трансплантация сердца, терминальная почечная недостаточность, трансплантация почки, dilated cardiomyopathy, orthotopic heart transplantation, end-stage renal failure, kidney transplantation
MAIN ISCHEMIC SYNDROME: CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM
Molotkova S.A., Kozyrev O.A., Molotkov A.O., Khokhlova U.A.
UDC: 616.12-005.4
Abstract: Dysfunction of the myocardium in patients with coronary heart disease is not always due to its necrosis or scar lesions. Another cause of asynergia zones development is myocardial ischemia. Such areas include myocardial cardiomyocytes, which are not actively reduced, but maintain a minimum oxygen consumption and the main components of cell metabolism, if they are "alive" and thus, as if they were in reserve. In the review we considered the basic mechanisms of myocardial adaptation to ischemia depending on its duration. Metabolic changes in the myocardium on the background of the different variants of ischemic and post-ischemic effects are discussed in detail. Particular attention is paid to the clinical significance of basic ischemic syndromes and their diagnosis. Presents modern views on medical correction of metabolic disorders occurring in the myocardium are given that is particularly relevant for patients who can not undergo surgical revascularization procedures (aortic coronary bypass surgery, balloon coronary angioplasty).
Key words: ишемия миокарда, гибернация миокарда, ишемическое прекондиционирование, myocardial ischemia, myocardial hibernation, ischemic preconditioning
ABILITY TO PREDICT THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROLOGIC IMPAIRMENT AND THE LEVEL OF ITS SEVERITY AMONG CHILDREN OF PRE-SCHOOL AGE DEPENDING ON THE PRESENCE AND COMBINATION OF PERINATAL RISK FACTORS
Maslova N.N., Sinelschikova A.V.
UDC: 16.8-053.2-037
Abstract: Evaluation of the reasons for the development of neurologic deficiency always attracts the attention of researchers. In recent years, the ongoing increase of the neurologic deficiency can be registered so that we can say that this research topic is of prime significance. This rewiev includes an analysis of different studies, which focus on endeavours to predict the development of perinatal, and neurologlogic disorders among children whose mothers had complications during pregnancy and childbirth. It is highlighted that even in the middle of the last century, some suggestions in regard of the negative influence of perinatal factors as well as those in regard of their consequences appeared. The first attempts to list the risk factors, their possible classifications and modifications of those which vary because of the scientific progress are described in the rewiev as well. The search for the causes of the disease progression and the possibility of their detection could enable to prevent or reduce the emergence of the negative influence of the prenatal threats.
Key words: перинатальная патология, факторы риска, дети, неврологический дефицит, осложнения в родах, акушерская патология, perinatal disorders, risk factors, children, neurologlogic disorders complications of childbirth complications of pregnancy
EXTERNAL FORMS OF SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR DURING TREATMENT IN A PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL AND IN EARLY TERMS AFTER DISCHARGE FROM THE HOSPITAL (REVIEW)
Morenec T.V., Vaulin S.V.
UDC: 616.89-008.441.44
Abstract: The review is an attempt to highlight the current state of the problem of suicidal prevention at the stage of delivering medical help during hospitalization, as well as to define the role of certain specific factors in the genesis of suicidal behavior. The severest forms of suicidal behavior require hospitalization, which is prescribed in mental health law. Deactualization of suicidal thoughts is reached with pharmacological treatment of psychopathological symptoms in combination with psychotherapeutic methods and methods of the psychological correction. The proportion of suicidal attempts during hospitalization, as well as during the patients’ homing or in early terms after the discharge is not too large, but appears to be especially significant for the studies of the genesis of suicide and the prevention of suicides. The analysis of diagnostic, therapeutic and curatorial mistakes of the suicides will allow to improve the quality of the delivery of the psychiatric help, to secure patients’ safety in terms of committing autoagressive actions and lower the indices of suicidal mortality. Study of the national and international experience of the curation of the suicidal contingent is important for the effective suicidal prevention. The information and recommendations on the measures of the prevention of suicidal behavior during the delivery of the psychiatric help are of high interest.
Key words: суицидальное поведение, суицидальный риск, суицид, самоубийство, психиатрический стационар, suicidal behavior, suicidal risk, suicide, psychiatric hospital
PHARMACODYNAMIC STUDIES OF NEW DOSAGE FORMS WITH ANTIHYPOXANT
Losenkova S.O., Maksimenkova K.I., Krikova A.V., Evseev A.V.
UDC: 615
Abstract: The article presents the results of the preclinical study of specific pharmacological activity of medicinal syrup and hydrogel with antihypoxant sodium poly(dihydroxyphenylene)thiosulfonate. It is proved that the medicinal syrup in a dose of active substance 50 mg/kg of animal weight possesses antihypoxic and neurotrophic activity when administered prophylactically during 5-7 days that exceeds the efficacy of 5% aqueous solution of sodium poly(dihydroxyphenylene)thiosulfonate. The activity to heal burns of the gel with antihypoxant on the model of a thermal burn of 3 degrees when using the gel during the entire period of epithelization of the wound with the content of 10 to 20 mg of the active ingredient in 1.0 dosage form was confirmed in the study. Daily application on the surface of burn of gel strips 1.5-2.0 cm in length during the entire period of the experiment contributed to the healing of wounds on the 16th day of observation in contrast to the control group of animals, in which complete wound healing was recorded only on 29 days of the experiment. To ensure the homogeneity and sterility, the medicinal syrup and hydrogel with sodium poly(dihydroxyphenyle)thiosulfonate were treated with low frequency ultrasound for 30 s.
Key words: антигипоксант, натрия поли(дигидроксифенилен) тиосульфонат, лекарственный сироп, гидрогель
STUDY OF ANTIEXUDATIVE AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF HEDYSARUM FRUTICOSUM
Kogan E.G., Kisilyova A.N., Krikova A.V., Vlasova Y.S.
UDC: 615.21/.26
Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the antiexudative and antiproliferative activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Hedysarum fruticosum. We developed and prepared aqueous (infusion) and alcohol (tincture) extract of Hedysarum fruticosum. In the model of formalin edema created by the inflammatory response in white males rats of the Wistar line. For the severity of the antiexudative action of the investigated extracts we selected the dose of 25 ml/kg of the reference drug and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) at the dose of 300 mg/kg. The antiexudative effect was studied after 3, 24, 72, 120, 168 hours after the administration of flogogen. The results showed that the inflammatory response was formed within 3 hours, peaked in the first day and continued for 7 days. The most pronounced anti-inflammatory effect was observed when introducing the tincture with 70% ethyl alcohol. The infusion and tincture of 40% ethyl alcohol have a less pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. Antiproliferative activity of the investigated extracts was studied on the model of the "cotton granuloma". A pronounced activity compared to the drug (indomethacin) and reliable in comparison with the results obtained in the control group animals was showen by the infusion prepared in the following ratio of raw material/extractant: 1:1.
Key words: копеечник кустарниковый, антиэкссудативная активность, антипролиферативная активность, настой, настойки, hedysarum fruticosum, antiexudative activity, antiproliferative activity, infusion, tincture
EXTRACTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSCOE IN HERBAL REMEDIES TECHNOLOGY (REVIEW)
Bykov I.I., Kompancev D.V., Privalov I.M.
UDC: 615.36.332:612.392.398(048.85)
Abstract: The review deals with a topical field of modern Biology and Pharmaceutics - the production of biologically active components of ginger rhizome drug (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and the effect of technological factors on the process of extracting the extractives. This article provides information about the basic laws governing the extraction of medicinal plants extractives. The conditions of extraction of characteristic biologically active compounds of ginger rhizome drug (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), defining its use in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries are described as well. The methods of extracting rhizomes of ginger according to the procedures used in Russia, USA, Europe, Thailand, China, Japan and India and the main parameters used in the manufacturing processes are given in the article.
Key words: экстрагирование, сверхкритическая СОэкстракция, корневище имбиря лекарственного , гингеролы, шогаолы, extraction, supercritical CO extraction, ginger rhizome medicinal, gingerols, shogaols
HEALTH EFFECT OF EXERCISES BASED ON AEROBICS AND SHAPING WITH WOMEN OF 35-45 YEARS OLD AS A RESULT OF THE DYNAMICS OF FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS
Koroleva L.V.
UDC: 796.055.2+796.41
Abstract: The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of improving physical education trainings by different methods using aerobics and shaping with women of 35-45 years old as a result of the dynamics of functional parameters. During the research all participants were divided into 3 groups, trainings of which were held by different methods. The criterion for improving efficiency was dynamics of the functional state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems (according to blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, breathing recovery time). The complex programme of conducting physical culture and health trainings with middle-aged women based on the combined use of shaping and aerobics has been developed. The programme is for 50 weeks of trainings, which are held 3 times a week for 60 min. each. The technique is adapted to the volume, intensity of the load and the rules of performing exercises for middle-aged women. The complex method of recreational and physical trainings, based on the use of aerobics and shaping, has a more effective impact on the basic functional systems of the body compared with the traditional methods of shaping and aerobics.
Key words: физкультурно-оздоровительные занятия, функциональные показатели, аэробика, шейпинг, женщины, sports and health trainings, functional rates, aerobics, shaping, women
INTERDISCIPLINARY INTERACTION IN THE DESIGN OF PRACTICAL TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS WITH HIGHER MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION
Konyshko N.A., Kozyrev O.A., Krikova A.V., Zaitseva V.M.
UDC: 616-01
Abstract: To optimize interdisciplinary interaction at the design stage of practical training of students, the article presents the results of a medico-sociological study of the organization of practical training of doctors and pharmacists at the teaching base of the SSMU. The empirical database comprises statistics of the management bodies and subjects of health care system on provision with medical and pharmaceutical staff, hospital beds, on student performance and their distribution on practical training bases, reports, planning and regulatory documentation of the results, carrying out and monitoring the opinion of the student, staff and practical training supervisors. The results of the study show that this sector is of the multistage character with a high degree of regulation and control and tight integration, with clear hierarchical levels. The effectiveness of the strategy design and monitoring is not only due to the professional and personal qualities of consumers and providers of educational services, but also to the paternalistic attitude of the leaders, combined with the centering of the attention on the quality management processes and building of an effective institutional infrastructure of practical training.
Key words: практическая подготовка, медико-социологическое исследование, practical training, medical-sociological study