ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE STIMULANT ACTIVITY OF METAPROT, TREKREZAN AND POLYOXIDONIUM AND THEIR COMBINATIONS IN BRONCHOPULMONARY INFLAMMATION IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS
Zarubina I.V., Mokrenko E.V., Bolekhan A.V., Shabanov P.D.
UDC: 616.988.5-001.18-097-084-085.37:615.37:615.771.7
Abstract: Anti-inflammatory and immune stimulant properties of metaprot (25 mg/kg), trekrezan (25 mg/kg) and polyoxidonium (0.75 mg/kg) have been compared with bronchopulmonary inflammation in experimental rats. In bronchopulmonary inflammation due to administration of turpentine into the trachea of the experimental rats, all three drugs following a course of their administration (in 5 days) demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect that performed in survival of rats and in improvement of morphological picture of the pulmonary tissue. Immune stimulating effect was revealed in administration of all drugs studied in reaction of inhibition of lymphocytes migration with mitogens phytohaemagglutinine and concanavalin A, activation of mechanisms of nonspecific defense in phagocytosis indexes, lysosome-cation test and a test of recovery of nitroblue tetrazolium. Monotherapy of induced bronchopulmonary inflammation managed to reveale the following regularity in immune stimulating effect of the drugs: metaprot < trekrezan < polyoxidonium < metaprot + polyoxidonium = metaprot + trekrezan (in the order of increase). Metaprot contrary to trekrezan, polyoxidonium and their combinations, strengthened fluorescence of flavoproteids and decreased fluorescence of recovered pyridine dinucleotides in alveolar macrophages and blood lymphocytes of rats that indicated an increase of oxidation intensity in cells.
Key words: антигипоксанты, иммуномодуляторы, метапрот, трекрезан, полиоксидоний, экспериментальная пневмония, противоспалительное действие, иммуностимулирующее действие, легкие, лимфоциты, крысы, antihypoxants, immunomodulators, metaprot, trekrezan, polyoxidonium, experimental pneumonia, anti-inflammatory action, immune stimulant action, lungs, lymphocytes, rats
MITOCHONDRIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE IN MECHANISMS OF CELL ADAPTATION AND ITS PHARMACOLOGICAL REGULATION
Novikov V.E., Levchenkova O.S., Pozhilova E.V.
UDC: 615.015:616-001.8
Abstract: Mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS) takes an active part in mechanisms of regulation of cell adaptation to extreme factors. It is closely interacted with other mitochondrial regulatory factors and is involved in adaptation reactions of cells to hypoxia, ischemia and other pathogenic action. Analysis of the role of mtNOS in cell functioning in hypoxia condition and its influence on apoptosis is presented in the article. Complex mechanism of cell adaptation with participation of mitochondrial nitric oxide (NO) is considered. Mitochondrial NO is a modulator of cell respiration, synthesis of ATP, activity of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels, mitochondrial megapore and the specific protein factor to hypoxia adaptation. An opportunity of pharmacological regulation of mtNOS activity is discussed in the paper. This approach seems to be promising for searching new drugs for pharmacotherapy of diseases with hypoxia and ischemia in their pathogenesis. It is possible to regulate cell homeostasis, for example, resistance to hypoxia by modulating the activity of mtNOS and synthesis of mitochondrial NO.
Key words: митохондриальная синтаза оксида азота (mtNOS), митохондриальный оксид азота (NO), гипоксия, ишемия, адаптация, mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS), mitochondrial nitric oxide (NO), hypoxia, ischemia, adaptation
COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATES IN MILITARY AGE MALES WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENION
Pereverzeva E.V., Gulko A.Yu., Vabishevich Yu.E., Welcome M.O., Pereverzev V.A.
UDC: 616.12-008.331.1-055.1:616.611-07
Abstract: Glomerular filtration rate was investigated in group of young men of military age (18-27 years) with various tests. The individuals did not have any primary diseases of the kidney according to a medical protocol “Arterial hypertension”: Rehberg test, Cockcroft-Gault formula, MDRD formula, MDPvD formula, CKD-EPI formula with comparison of the received results. The study showed that the values obtained with the Rehberg and Cockcroft-Gault had no significant differences. In the studied group, there was no significant difference in the mean values of glomerular filtration rate calculated only by Rehberg and Cockcroft-Gault - at the initial and when standardized by 1.73 m. Indicators of glomerular filtration rate calculated by the MDRD, CKD-EPI were reduced compared with the result of the Rehberg-Tareev by 15.5% and 10.0%, respectively, whereas when compared with the values calculated by the Cokcroft-Gault formula, it was reduced by 16.0% and 10.4%, respectively. To determine glomerular filtration rates in 1st degree hypertensive patients with a short history of the disease, traditional methods such as Rehberg-Tareev test or the Cokcroft-Gault formula are more beneficial.
Key words: скорость клубочковой фильтрации, формулы расчета MDRD, CKD-EPI, glomerular filtration rate, Cockcroft-Gault formula, MDRD, CKD-EPI
PSYCHOHYGIENIC MAINTENANCE OF PROCESS OF TREATMENT FOR THE FIRST TIME THE REVEALED PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOSIS OF RESPIRATORY ORGANS
Puzyreva L.V., Bryukhanova N.S., Mordyk A.V., Gudinova Zh.V.
UDC: 616-002.5-082.5
Abstract: For the purpose of increase of efficiency of treatment of tuberculosis of lungs among for the first time the revealed socially safe patients the group in number of 60 people, for carrying out a constant, controlled complex of psychohygienic actions according to methodical recommendations "Your way to healing" was gathered. In this group individual classes with the psychologist, with the instructor of physiotherapy exercises, with the doctor-hygienist concerning healthy nutrition of patients with tuberculosis were given. The group of comparison was made by patients in the same quantity with whom it wasn't given any individual classes. When comparing results in the main group statistically reliable results that allowed authors to draw a conclusion were received: individual classes in methodical recommendations "Your way to healing" increased efficiency of treatment of tuberculosis of lungs.
Key words: туберкулез, профилактика, туберкулез у социально сохранных больных, эффективность лечения, tuberculosis, prevention, tuberculosis at socially safe patients, efficiency of treatment
DIRECT AND REMOTE RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF GUNSHOT WOUNDS OF MAJOR VESSELS OF EXTREMITIES IN CIVILIANS IN LOCAL MILITARY CONFLICTS
Maslyakov V.V., Barsukov V.G., Uskov A.V.
UDC: 616.1-001.45-089-036.8-052-092.11/.12 (045)
Abstract: Results of treatment of gunshot wounds of vessels in the immediate and remote postoperative period are presented in the paper. The work is based on the analysis of the immediate postoperative period of 110 patients. They were treated in a city hospital of Grozny (Chechen Republic) in the period 2000 -2005. Patients had gunshot wounds of extremities with injuries of major vessels. Injuries of upper limbs accounted for 67 (60.9%) cases, lower extremities - 43 (39.0%) patients. The study of vessels included reovasography, Doppler, ultrasound scintiangiography and photoplethysmography. The vast majority of complications in the immediate postoperative period developed in patients with arterial ligation. At the same time in the remote postoperative period, resection portion of the vessel can lead to a significant reduction in the peripheral circulation of the extremities. However, legation of vessels, as well as imposition of a circular weld on artery and autovenous prosthesis do not have any bad influence on the course of the remote postoperative period.
Key words: огнестрельные ранения сосудов, ближайший и отдаленный послеоперационный период, gunshot wounds of vessels, immediate and remote postoperative period
MORPHOLOGICAL BASIS OF REMOTE HEART ZONES REMODELING IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION HEALING
Korneva Yu.S., Dorosevich A.E., Kopyeva V.M.
UDC: 616.127-05.8:616-018
Abstract: The aim of the study is to investigate dynamic of cellular quantitative changes and capillary bed square (CBS) in remote zones of the heart in myocardial infarction (MI) healing. Samples of myocardium from the necrotic zone and remote zones (right ventricle and intraventricular septa) were taken from 105 patients, who died in different periods of acute and recurrent MI. Hematogenous cellular populations were counted in 10 field of view, CBS was measured after immunohistochemical investigation with CD34 using a computer program “Videotest 4.0. Morphology”. Remote zones of the heart can also have postinfarction remodeling. Differences in acute and recurrent MI were revealed. Major changes in cells infiltrate were related to neutrophils, lymphocytes and fibroblastic cells. Asynchronous changes of CBS reflect compensatory processes in decreasing left ventricle pumping force.
Key words: инфаркт миокарда, постинфарктное ремоделирование, капиллярное русло, клеточные популяции, myocardial infarction, postinfarction remodeling, capillary bed, cellular populations
STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION ANALYSIS AND FACILITIES OF CHELYABINSK REGION PATHOLOGY SERVICE
Sychugov G.V., Divisenko A.S., Shiman I.N.
UDC: 616-091 (470.55)
Abstract: Structure, organization and facilities of Pathology Service of Chelyabinsk region according to annual reports of pathology institutions and divisions are described in the paper. Certain problems of the Service are disclosed: professional dissociation, poor facilities (poor material and financial resources). Improvement of the staff structure and general management are possible only through restructuring of the Pathology Service to provide centralization of management.
Key words: патологоанатомическая служба, штатная структура, реструктуризация, pathology service, stuff structure, restructuring
EXPERIENCE IN MANAGEMENT OF INFECTIOUS ENDOCARDITIS IN THE CITY OF SMOLENSK
Danilov A.I., Kozlov R.S., Kozlov S.N., Eger U.V., Krechikova O.I., Litvinov A.V., Milyagin V.A., Shpuntov M.G.
UDC: 616.126-002 + 615.33
Abstract: The article presents data of multicenter study involving etiology, antibiotic susceptibility and pharmacoepidemiology of infectious endocarditis in the city of Smolensk. The purpose of this study was to analyze diagnosis and antibiotic therapy in patients with infectious endocarditis in the city of Smolensk. The data include localization of the lesion, the affected valve type, structure of risk factors and features of diagnostics and treatment of infectious endocarditis. The study demonstrates prevalence of Gram (+) cocci, infectious endocarditis the need to improve diagnostic procedures and optimize treatment regimens.
Key words: инфекционный эндокардит, этиологическая структура инфекционного эндокардита, бактериологическое исследование крови, антибактериальная терапия, infective endocarditis, etiologic structure of infective endocarditis, blood cultures, antibacterial therapy
OBSTETRIC AND PERINATAL OUTCOMES IN NULLIPAROUS WOMEN OVER 40 YEARS OF AGE
Kuleshova D.A., Gustovarova T.A., Ivanyan A.N., Krukovsky C.B., Babich E.N.
UDC: 618.4-053.86
Abstract: The aim of the study is to evaluate patients’ history, gestational complications, labor, delivery, puerperium and perinatal outcomes of the primiparous over 40 compared with multiparous women. It was a retrospective analysis of 80 case reports of the Maternity Clinical Hospital in the city of Smolensk, 28 women - nulliparous, 52 - multiparous. It was revealed that somatic and obstetric-gynecological histories were bad in 80% patients of the "late" fertile age, while there were no significant differences in the structure of diseases in primiparous and multiparous women. The main complications identified were potential miscarriage and premature rupture of membranes. In more than 40% cases operative deliveries in primiparous patients over 40 are explained by a combination of the age factor and an extragenital pathology.
Key words: беременность, роды, возраст старше 40 лет, pregnancy, outcomes, 40 years
PROSTATE CANCER IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC DISORDERS
Sukonko O.G., Danilova L.I., Shymanets S.V.
UDC: 616.65-006.6+616-008.9
Abstract: Metabolic syndrome (МетS), obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) are considered as adverse factors in the development of prostate cancer (PCa). Analysis of the data from patients with PCa and DM type 2 as a component of MetS with/without obesity is provided. In order to improve efficiency of stratification and treatment in patients with PCa by means of proper diagnosis and correction of significant range of metabolic disorders, a retrospective study was conducted. At the 1st stage, all cases of malignant neoplasms and PCa in all the patients with DM were analyzed (Minsk and Minsk District male population is of 1.5 million). At the 2nd stage, characteristic features of PCa were assessed in 30 patients with DM type 2 with/without obesity as a component of MetS according to admission records in an oncological clinic over the last 5 years (2010-2014) are estimated. Obtained preliminary data confirm the urgent need to improve strategy to take care of patients with PCa and metabolic disorders in order to optimize stratification of risk factors and prognostically significant metabolic parameters in PCa to improve diagnostic and treatment approaches in these patients.
Key words: злокачественные новообразования (ЗНО), рак предстательной железы (РПЖ), метаболический синдром (МетС), метаболические нарушения, сахарный диабет (СД) 2 типа, ожирение, malignant neoplasms, prostate cancer (PCa), metabolic syndrome (MetS), metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity
EVALUATION OF THE VIABILITY OF THE INTESTINE DURING SURGICAL TREATMENT IN THE COURSE OF ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
Rodin A.V., Pleshkov V.G.
UDC: 616.34-007.272.001.6
Abstract: Acute intestinal obstruction is one of the most severe surgical diseases. One of the most important stages of surgical treatment of acute intestinal obstruction is evaluation of the intestinal vitality. Various methods to assess viability of the intestine in surgery of acute intestinal obstruction are considered in the review. Special attention has been given to instrumental methods of detection of necrosis of the intestinal wall. It is presented that visual evaluation of the vitality of the intestine is not correct in some cases and should be complemented with instrumental methods of examination.
Key words: острая кишечная непроходимость, хирургическая операция, жизнеспособность кишки, acute intestinal obstruction, surgery, viability of intestine
INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUE OF PUNCTURE TEMPORARY ARTIFICIAL PACEMAKER OF THE HEART: RESULTS IN PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Osmolovsky A.N., Babyenkova L.V.
UDC: 616.127-005.8
Abstract: Currently, effectiveness of existing methods of temporary artificial pacemaker is 47.9% due to certain technical deficiencies in the procedure. An innovative technique of temporal puncture endocardial electrical stimulation of the heart in patients with myocardial infarction complicated with bradyarrhythmia has been designed. The technique involves fixing, monitoring and reposition of endocardial electrode in the right ventricular of the heart. The techniques was applied at 143 patients with bradyarrhythmias infarction genesis, including 126 - VVI mode and 17 - DVI; 126 - monopolar ventricular electrode EPVP, 17 - atrioventricular electrode PEDM-9. Temporal artificial heart rhythm management lasted from 30 min. to 18 days. In temporal artificial pacemaker of the heart efficiency of the procedure improved 2.1 times and mortality rates decreased 1.5 times.
Key words: временная трансвенозная эндокардиальная электрокардиостимуляция, брадиаритмии, инфаркт миокарда, puncture temporary artificial pacemaker, bradyarrhythmias, myocardial infarction
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANATOMICAL-DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES OF HEDYSARUM FRUTICOSUM PALL. AND HEDYSARUM ALPINUM L. LEAVES
Kogan E.G., Elagina E.M., Kisilyova A.N.
UDC: 615.322
Abstract: Microscopic study of leaves and rachis complex leaves of the Hedysarum fruticosum Pall. and Hedysarum alpinum L. can halp to identify the anatomical and diagnostic characteristics of unexplored species of Hedysarum fruticosum. The similarity between the internal structure of leaves and rachis of two studied species in the same topography of the tissues of the parts complex sheet and in the same anomosity types of stomatal apparatus within the epidermis. Comparative analysis has been shown the specificity of the anatomical structure of the studied objects. So, the epidermis of leaves of complex sheet Hedysarum fruticosum consisted with elongated cells and contained with covering trichomes was pointed at the ends. The Hedysarum alpinum was composed of epidermal cells sinuous and slightly curved by the covering trichomes. Rachis complex leaves of two species of Hedysarum had different shape in cross section. Identified anatomical and diagnostic features can be used to assess the authenticity of medicinal plant raw material.
Key words: анатомическое строение, лист, копеечник кустарниковый, копеечник альпийский, микроскопия, anatomical structure, leaf, Hedysarum fruticosum, Hedysarum alpinum, microscopy
HYPERGLYCEMIA IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY AND THE RISK OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES: A PILOT STUDY
Pokusaeva V.N., Amalitsky V.Y., Sekhin S.V., Rafalsky V.V., Nikiforovskaya E.N., Vakhrushina A.S., Gabor N.V., Anostchenkova L.V., Abramova E.S., Nikiforovsky N.K.
UDC: 618.3:616.379-008.64
Abstract: In order to determine association between hyperglycaemia level in 1 trimester and standard carbohydrates toleration test at 24-28 weeks of gestation this prospective study in 92 women with singleton pregnancies without diabetes in the past history has been performed. Fasting serum glucose level was tested at first prenatal visit and 11-13 weeks of gestation. At 24-28 weeks standard carbohydrates toleration test with 75 g of glucose was done. According to results during 1-2 trimesters of pregnancy gradual decrease of glycaemia was evident: 5.2±0.9 mmol/l at first prenatal visit, 4.6±0.8 mmol/l at11-13 weeks, 4.3±0.7 mmol/l at 24-26 weeks of gestation. Maximal glucose concentration decrease occurs before 13 weeks of pregnancy. In half of pregnant women (48.9%) at 5-10 weeks fasting serum glucose level corresponded to criteria of gestational diabetes (≥5.1 mmol/l). Rate of abnormal carbohydrates toleration test results in second trimester was not significantly different in diabetic (≥5.1 mmol/l) and non-diabetic (<5,1 mmol/l) fasting glucose levels in 1 trimester (p<0.05). Conclusion. Results of the pilot study failed to confirm diagnostic value of glycaemia level (5.1 mmol/l) in the first trimester of pregnancy as a criterion of gestational diabetes development. Further investigation is required to clarify the type of relation between metabolic processes in the first half of gestation and pregnancy outcomes.
Key words: беременность, гипергликемия, гестационный диабет, pregnancy, hyperglycaemia, gestational diabetes
FACTORS OF ADVERSE OUTCOME IN PERFORATED PYLORODUODENAL ULCERS
Narezkin D.V., Bezaltynnykh A.A., Sergeev A.V., Shahbazyan O.G., Kuzmenkov A.Y.
UDC: 616.33-089
Abstract: The purpose of the study was an improvement of surgical treatment for patients with perforated pyloroduodenal ulcers by risk factors identifying for adverse outcome. Complete retrospective medical records analysis of the patients that complicated by perforated pyloroduodenal ulcers have been performed. There were 35 men and 64 women in the study. Describing of quantitative data (N), mean value and standard deviation (AVG±SD), median (Me), first and third quartiles (Q1; Q3), minimum and maximum (Min; Max) were used. In the research the following variables have been analyzed: gender, age, emergency of income, time of hospitalization. The impact of these variables in disease outcomes has been determined by using of permutation variance analysis, logistic regression and permutation linear regression. It has been found a statistically significant impact of age in disease outcome and described the communication structure between age and time of hospitalization in the studied group.
Key words: факторы риска, перфорация язвы, язвенная болезнь желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки, risk factors, ulcer perforation, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer